学会誌「産業・組織心理学研究」

事故の発生可能性の想起の程度としての安全行動と職場要因との関連性 ―鉄道の運転士を例にして―

赤塚 肇(公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所)

The study in this paper aims to analyze a relationship between an eye movement and gazing and organizational factors by using a questionnaire survey. Analyses were made by applying factor analysis,and then by applying Structured Equation Modeling (pass analysis) based on factor analysis. Main findings are as follows: (a) generally an individual knowledge or ability regarding a degree of knowledge of safety actions and individual factor of cognition of usefulness and instrumentality of safety actions were related to a behavioral tendency of a confirmation action. At the same time,an organizational factor of the management commitment for safety (safety climate) has also a direct relationship to behavioral tendency. Moreover,an organizational factor about safety was related to a leadership. (b) As for difference caused by workplace or worksite,in site A,organizational factors of the management commitment for safety (safety climate) directly influence a behavioral tendency of a confirmation action. Furthermore the management commitment for safety (safety climate) has a relationship to a leadership. Other factors also have a significant relationship among them. (c) In site B and site C,the management commitment for safety (safety climate) doesn’t have a direct relationship to safety actions. But,it has an indirect relationship to safety actions via a degree of knowledge and usefulness/instrumentality of safety actions. This difference may result from different definitions of hazard. In other words,the difference will be caused by depending on whether hazard as a risky condition is grasped extensionally by enumerating accident cases in situations or services,or intentionally by understanding the statement ‘in any situations and services,an accident will occur almost always’. As described hereinbefore,it was found out that a tendency of eye movement and gazing which are basis for hazard perception is influenced by organizational factors. Furthermore it was found out that depending on an organization (workplace,site),hazard as risky condition is defined extensionally or intentionally.

キーワード : ハザード, ハザード知覚, 事故, 鉄道運転士, 組織要因

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