The lack of increase in female organizational leaders may be associated with male-dominated gender stereotypes toward organizational leaders. However, owing to the effect of social desirability, the stereotypes may not easily appear in explicit attitude. This study aimed to investigate both implicit and explicit attitudes toward the link between gender and organizational leader and assess the correlation between these attitudes. Moreover, it sought to uncover gender-stereotypical attributes influencing the association between gender and organizational leader. Participants included undergraduate and graduate students (70 males and females each). Their implicit and explicit associations (male/female-leader/ supporter, male/female-superior/inferior, and male/female-independent/dependent) were examined through a computer-based implicit association test and a questionnaire, respectively. Both males and females displayed significant implicit associations between “male” and “leader,” but the association was significantly greater in males than in females. In males, the implicit male-leader association had significant correlations with the implicit associations between “male” and “superior” or “independent.” In the questionnaire, a tendency to regard “male” as “leader” was greater in males than in females, but the relevant factors leading to male-leader association were not observed. Japanese male and female students harbor an implicit gender stereotype that links “male” with “organizational leader,” which is greater in males than in females. In males, the implicit male-leader association is partly related to malesuperior and independent associations.