The purpose of this study was to examine how servant leadership and transactional leadership affect members’ safety performance on safety-critical jobs. A similar questionnaire survey was conducted to a general hospital in Study 1 and to a transportation company in Study 2. The results of Study 1 and Study 2 revealed servant leadership and leader punishment behavior had a positive relationship with members’ safety performance through mediation by members’ safety work motivation. In study 1, leader reward behavior had a negative effect on members’ safety work motivation and a positive effect on members’ safety participation. In study 2, leader reward behavior had a positive effect on members’ safety participation and safety compliance. This finding suggests the importance of servant leadership and leader appropriate punishment behavior on safety-critical jobs.